Linear Model of Communication Essay

It is a single direction model to speak with others. It comprises of the sender encoding a message and directing it to the collector within the sight of clamor. Downsides †the straight model accept that there is an obvious start and end to correspondence. It additionally shows no input from the collector. †¢ For instance; a letter, email, instant message, address. There are two primary direct model which are utilized to clarify the human correspondence process. They are †¦ †¢ Shannon and Weaver Model (1949) The first model was intended to reflect the working of radio and phone advancements. Their underlying model comprised of three essential parts: sender, channel, and beneficiary. The sender was the piece of a phone an individual talked into, the station was simply the phone, and the recipient was the piece of the telephone where one could hear the other individual. Shannon and Weaver likewise perceived that frequently there is static that meddles with one tuning in to a phone discussion, which they regarded clamor. The clamor could likewise mean the nonattendance of sign. †¢ Berlo’s SMCR Model (1960) In 1960, David Berlo developed Shannon and Weaver’s direct model of correspondence and made the SMCR Model of Communication. The Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver Model of correspondence isolated the model into clear parts and has been developed by different researchers. Shannon †Weaver Model Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916-February 24,2001) was an American mathematician, electronic designer and cryptographer.He is known as â€Å"the father of data theory†. He was an understudy of Michigan University. He was an alumni in both designing and arithmetic. He worked in Bell research centers, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Advanced Studies.He got IEEE Medal of Honor, Kyoto Prize, Harvey Prize honors. [pic] Warren Weaver (July 17, 1894-Nov 24, 1978) was an American Scientist, Mathematician and Science administrator.He is generally perceived as one of the pioneers of machine interpreter and as significant figure in making support for science in US. He was an understudy of University of Wisconsin-Madison. Presentation: Shannon-Weaver model is mother of all model in correspondence. The hypothesis dependent on how an idea goes to a spot from another. It is otherwise called scientific hypothesis of correspondence. Shannon distributed â€Å"A Mathematical Theory of Communication† article in two sections in the July and October quantities of the â€Å"Bell System Technical Journal† in 1949. The book co-wrote with Weaver â€Å"The Mathematical Theory of Communication† reprints Shannon’s article. Later Weaver clarified the model and advocated it. Recipe: C = W log2(1+S/N) where, C †Channel limit W †Bandwith S †Signal level N †Noise power This model is uniquely intended to build up the compelling correspondence among sender and beneficiary. Additionally they discover factors which influencing the correspondence procedure called â€Å"Noise†. From the start the model was created to improve the Technical correspondence. Later it’s generally applied in the field of Communication. Correspondence model: The procedure of Shannon-Weaver model is as beneath †¦ [pic]Some key purposes of this model are given underneath †¦ †¢ Information source picks wanted message among a lot of potential messages which can be blend of any type of composed or spoken, picture or sound. †¢ Transmitter changes the message into the sign, otherwise called encoder. †¢ Message is the thing which is sent and gotten and all correspondence is about. †¢ Channel is the way that message goes through from the transmitter to the beneficiary. †¢ Receiver is the opposite transmitter which changes the sign go into the message, otherwise called decoder. †¢ Destination is the objective spot of the transmitted message. †¢ Noise is any undesirable augmentations to the transmitted sign which cause twisting or mistake in transmission. [pic] Shannon Weaver model of correspondence Requirments: There are eight (08) requirments of Shannon-Weaver model. They are †¦ †¢ Source †¢ Encoder †¢ Message †¢ Channel †¢ Decoder †¢ Reciever †¢ Noise †¢ Feedback Model: Mr. Khan made call to his associate â€Å"come here I need to see you†. During his call, clamor showed up (transmission blunder) and his associate got â€Å"I want† as it were. Again Assistant asked Thomson (criticism) â€Å"what do you need Mr. Khan?†. Sender : Mr. Khan Encoder : Telephone (Mr. Khan) Station : Cable Commotion : Distraction in voice Gathering : Telephone (Assistant) Beneficiary : Assistant. Because of transmission blunder or clamor, Assistant can’t ready to comprehend Thomson’s messages. Analysis: There are likewise analysis of Shannon-Weaver model. †¢ One of the least difficult model and its general applied in different correspondence speculations. †¢ The model which draws in the two scholastics of Human correspondence and Information scholar to drives their further examination in correspondence. †¢ It’s more successful face to face to-individual correspondence than gathering or mass crowd. †¢ The model dependent on â€Å"Sender and Receiver†. Here sender assumes the essential job and recipient assumes the optional job (get the data or inactive). †¢ Communication is anything but a single direction process. On the off chance that it’s acted that way, it will lose its quality. For instance: Audience or collector who listening a radio, perusing the books or sitting in front of the TV is a single direction correspondence since nonattendance of input. †¢ Understanding Noise will assists with taking care of the different issues in correspondence. End: Fundamentally Shannon made this model not for the human correspondence. Or maybe he imagined the interceded correspondence, to be unequivocal the exceptionally fake discussion. Later human correspondence researchers started to utilize it to clarify the unmediated human correspondence, as it is basic and not far away. Berlo’s SMCR Model [pic] Dr. David K. Berlo (1929-1996) was an American correspondence specialists. He is called as â€Å"the father of present day mass communication†. Dr. Berlo clarified his model as a development of Shannon-Weaver model in 1960 in his book â€Å"The Process of Communication†. He was a teacher of division of correspondence, Michigan State University (MSU). Presentation: The model of David Berlo is known as â€Å"Berlo’s SMCR model†. The significance of SMCR is †¦ Source Message Channel Reciever Correspondence Model: [pic] Components of correspondence S †Source The source at the end of the day additionally called the sender is the one from whom the idea begins. He is the person who moves the data to the beneficiary after cautiously articulating his contemplations. It is finished with the assistance of †¦ ââ€" ª Communication Skills ââ€" ª Attitude ââ€" ª Knowledge ââ€" ª Social System ââ€" ª Culture M †Message At the point when an individual believers his considerations into words, a message is made. The procedure is additionally called as Encoding. Any message further involves the accompanying components: ââ€" ª Content ââ€" ª Element ââ€" ª Treatment ââ€" ª Structure ââ€" ª Code C †Channel Channel really alludes to the medium how the data streams from the sender to the beneficiary. Some are †¦ †¢ Hearing. †¢ Tasting. †¢ Seeing. †¢ Smelling. †¢ Touching. All the five faculties are the channels which help people to speak with one another. R †Receiver When the message arrives at the recipient, he attempts to comprehend what the audience really needs to pass on and afterward reacts appropriately. This is likewise called as deciphering. The beneficiary ought to be on a similar stage as the speaker for smooth progression of data and better comprehension of the message. He ought to have great relational abilities to comprehend what the speaker is attempting to pass on. He ought to have the correct demeanor to comprehend the message in a positive manner. His insight ought to likewise be at standard with the audience and must think about the subject. He ought to likewise be from a similar social and social foundation simply like the speaker. [pic] Case of SMCR model Powerless Point: †¢ No criticism †¢ More unilinear Solid Point: †¢ Save cash †¢ Save time †¢ Easy to pass †¢ Repeatation †¢ Replication End: Despite the fact that there is no input yet Berlo’s SMCR model has a being developed correspondence.

Gypsy cin America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Rover cin America - Essay Example An: I don't the specific year, however he came over when he was twenties. With respect to America, I don't know precisely, however on the off chance that I needed to figure I would accept he was simply doing what everyone around him did. As far I realize he didn't leave in view of badgering or anything like that. America simply spoke to a superior spot, presumably, yet again I don't know without a doubt. He accompanied a considerable amount of my more distant family. A Gypsy family is very gigantic. Indeed, even as of late as the 1970s or even the 1980s, I realized third and fourth cousins like they were siblings or sisters. All things considered, possibly not unreasonably close. Be that as it may, surely I had invested as much energy with a third or fourth cousin as the vast majority do with first cousins. What's more, well, there was intermarriage as an unavoidable truth. My sister was hitched to a man-I can't recall the specific connections now, heartbroken, yet my niece and nephe w turned into their own second or third cousins subsequently. Vagabonds up to this point occupied with selective intermarriage with their benevolent genuinely much up until the 1960s. I had another sister who kicked the bucket a couple of years back who was the first in my family's line to wed outside the family. Furthermore, I turned into the second. Indeed, my dad and my mom genuinely much knew each other since they were exceptionally youthful. My dad was conceived in Indiana, in no specific town to the best that I am aware of, and my mom in Chicago. All things considered, Joliet, not so much Chicago. My dad was conceived in 1907 and my mom in 1913. ... He was dead when I was conceived. Q: What about your folks All things considered, my dad and my mom genuinely much knew each other since they were exceptionally youthful. My dad was conceived in Indiana, in no specific town to the best that I am aware of, and my mom in Chicago. All things considered, Joliet, not so much Chicago. My dad was conceived in 1907 and my mom in 1913. It's clever, yet I truly don't think a lot about my folks' life as youngsters. I do realize my mom was what they would call a little hellfire raiser. On the off chance that she had lived outside the voyager's environment, I guess she would have been a flapper. She started smoking when she was thirteen, and nearly held up until she passed on to surrender it. She used to slip away from the camps and the incidental houses the family lived in to get together town young men at the image appear. My dad, well, similar to I stated, I never truly realized that much about his youth. Q: What do you mean by camps and intermittent houses An: I think there may be a misguided judgment that explorers, which is the thing that I was called when I was youthful, not Gypsies, never remained in a similar spot for long. I have pictures I can show you of my mom and father and aunties and uncles and the entire huge more distant family quite wagons that they used to travel. My mom and father were kids in those photos, coincidentally. Indeed, even so those photos go back to somewhere in the range of 1910 and 1920. They voyaged everywhere throughout the nation with the men going into town to do any sort of work fundamental, while the ladies remained in the camp working or doing Gypsy things. I disclosed to you my mom was a palmist, and there were consistently at any rate one palmist in a voyager's camp. Q: What were these camps like A: You at any point seen an old western film where individuals going out west set up camp and

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Ace the GMAT Essay No, Thanks!

Blog Archive GMAT Impact Ace the GMAT Essay No, Thanks! When it comes to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this weekly blog series,  Manhattan GMAT’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Your business school application essays are critically important. Your GMAT essay? Not so much. We do, though, have to write the essays first thing, before we get to the more important Quant and Verbal sections (or even the Integrated Reasoning section), so we do not want to use up too much brainpower on the essay. Still, we cannot just bomb this section; the schools do care about the essay  somewhat. So how do we do a good enough job without expending so much energy that we are negatively affected during the multiple-choice portion of the test? We need to develop a template, an organizational framework on which to “hang” our writing. The template will not, of course, tell us exactly what to write. For that, we need the actual essay prompt, which we will not see until we take the test. We can, however, determine how to organize the information ahead of time, as well as the general kinds of messages we need to convey at various points throughout. The template will vary a little bit from person to person; the important thing is to have a consistent template for yourself that you have worked out in advance of the official test. Brainstorming First, read the essay prompt.  It will look/feel just like the critical reasoning arguments we see on the Verbal portion of the test, so analyze it in the same way!  Take about three to four minutes to brainstorm, then pick your two or three best flaws; these will form the basis of your essay. First Paragraph Summarize the issue (make sure to note the conclusion) State a thesis;  acknowledge that the other side does have some merit:  â€œWhile the argument does have some merit, several serious flaws undermine the validity of the author’s conclusion that XYZ.” Introduce your examples (but do not give much detail) Three to five sentences total Body Paragraphs Each  flaw gets its own paragraph, so you will write either two or three body paragraphs of four to   six sentences each. (I personally pick my two best flaws, so I write two body paragraphs. Remember, we just need to be “good enough!”) Introduce one flaw (do not repeat the exact language from the prompt) Explain why it is a flaw (how does this make the conclusion less likely to be true or valid?) Suggest ways to fix the flaw (you are fixing the flaw, not changing the conclusion; what could the author do to strengthen his/her argument?) Conclusion Paragraph Restate your thesis (using new words) Re-acknowledge the other side (using new words) Briefly summarize how your examples supported your thesis (using new words) Three to four sentences You are not trying to pre-write and memorize actual sentences, but do know in general the kinds of points you want to make in each paragraph. Practice with the bullets we have provided here as a starting point until you develop something with which you are comfortable. Do not forget to leave some time to proof your essay; it is okay to have a few typos, but systematic errors will lower your score. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact Ace the GMAT Essay No, Thanks! With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Your business school application essays  are  critically important. Your GMAT essay? Not so much. We do, though, have to write the essays first thing, before we get to the more important Quant and Verbal sections (or even the Integrated Reasoning section), so we do not want to use up too much brainpower on the essay. Still, we cannot just bomb this section; the schools do care about the essay  somewhat. So how do we do a good enough job without expending so much energy that we are negatively affected during the multiple-choice portion of the test? We need to develop a template, an organizational framework on which to “hang” our writing. The template will not, of course, tell us exactly what to write. For that, we need the actual essay prompt, which we will not see until we take the test. We can, however, determine how to organize the information ahead of time, as well as the general kinds of messages we need to convey at various points throughout. The template will vary a little bit from person to person; the important thing is to have a consistent template for yourself that you have worked out  in advance of the official test. Brainstorming First, read the essay prompt.  It will look/feel just like the critical reasoning arguments we see on the Verbal portion of the test, so analyze it in the same way! Take about three to four minutes to brainstorm, then pick your two or three best flaws; these will form the basis of your essay. First Paragraph Summarize the issue (make sure to note the conclusion) State a thesis;  acknowledge that the other side does have some merit:  â€œWhile the argument does have some merit, several serious flaws undermine the validity of the author’s conclusion that XYZ.” Introduce your examples (but do not give much detail) Three to five sentences total Body Paragraphs Each  flaw gets its own paragraph, so you will write either two or three body paragraphs of four to six sentences each. (I personally pick my two best flaws, so I write two body paragraphs. Remember, we just need to be “good enough!”) Introduce one flaw (do not repeat the exact language from the prompt) Explain why it is a flaw (how does this make the conclusion less likely to be true or valid?) Suggest ways to fix the flaw (you are fixing the flaw, not changing the conclusion; what could the author do to strengthen his/her argument?) Conclusion Paragraph Restate your thesis (using new words) Re-acknowledge the other side (using new words) Briefly summarize how your examples supported your thesis (using new words) Three to four sentences You are not trying to pre-write and memorize actual sentences, but do know in general the kinds of points you want to make in each paragraph. Practice with the bullets we have provided here as a starting point until you develop something with which you are comfortable. Do not forget to leave some time to proof your essay; it is okay to have a few typos, but systematic errors will lower your score. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact Blog Archive GMAT Impact Ace the GMAT Essay No, Thanks! With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. In this blog series,  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. Your business school application essays  are  critically important. Your GMAT essay? Not so much. We do, though, have to write the essays first thing, before we get to the more important Quant and Verbal sections (or even the Integrated Reasoning section), so we do not want to use up too much brainpower on the essay. Still, we cannot just bomb this section; the schools do care about the essay  somewhat. So how do we do a good enough job without expending so much energy that we are negatively affected during the multiple-choice portion of the test? We need to develop a template, an organizational framework on which to “hang” our writing. The template will not, of course, tell us exactly what to write. For that, we need the actual essay prompt, which we will not see until we take the test. We can, however, determine how to organize the information ahead of time, as well as the general kinds of messages we need to convey at various points throughout. The template will vary a little bit from person to person; the important thing is to have a consistent template for yourself that you have worked out  in advance of the official test. Brainstorming First, read the essay prompt.  It will look/feel just like the critical reasoning arguments we see on the Verbal portion of the test, so analyze it in the same way! Take about three to four minutes to brainstorm, then pick your two or three best flaws; these will form the basis of your essay. First Paragraph Summarize the issue (make sure to note the conclusion) State a thesis;  acknowledge that the other side does have some merit:  â€œWhile the argument does have some merit, several serious flaws undermine the validity of the author’s conclusion that XYZ.” Introduce your examples (but do not give much detail) Three to five sentences total Body Paragraphs Each  flaw gets its own paragraph, so you will write either two or three body paragraphs of four to six sentences each. (I personally pick my two best flaws, so I write two body paragraphs. Remember, we just need to be “good enough!”) Introduce one flaw (do not repeat the exact language from the prompt) Explain why it is a flaw (how does this make the conclusion less likely to be true or valid?) Suggest ways to fix the flaw (you are fixing the flaw,not  changing the conclusion; what could the author do to strengthen his/her argument?) Conclusion Paragraph Restate your thesis (using new words) Re-acknowledge the other side (using new words) Briefly summarize how your examples supported your thesis (using new words) Three to four sentences You are not trying to pre-write and memorize actual sentences, but do know in general the kinds of points you want to make in each paragraph. Practice with the bullets we have provided here as a starting point until you develop something with which you are comfortable. Do not forget to leave some time to proof your essay; it is okay to have a few typos, but systematic errors will lower your score. Share ThisTweet GMAT Impact

Loss Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye - 1429 Words

Justin Hwang Ms. Lydia Wells English 9 10/24/17 Loneliness and Phoniness: Loss of Innocence in Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye Loss of innocence is one of the major elements of The Catcher in the Rye that make the novel so renowned. The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger is about an adolescent named Holden who wanders around New York City after being kicked out of a prestigious boarding school in eastern Pennsylvania. While learning more about himself and the adult world, he experiences alcohol, prostitution, and sexuality. Holden struggles with issues such as identity and maturity. Eventually, he realizes what it means to become an adult and accepts that maturity and development is inevitable. Holden suffers from a loss of innocence when†¦show more content†¦However, he admits that while the couple’s actions are â€Å"crumby† (Salinger 81) and crude, he is still aroused and â€Å"wouldn’t mind† (Salinger 81) doing it, especially to a girl he is attracted to. While Holden wants to preserv e his innocence by not thinking about sex at all, he agrees that he is a â€Å"sex maniac† (Salinger 81), and is a fiend about losing his virginity. Holden even goes as far as to make rules for himself. On page 82, he recounts, â€Å"I made a rule that I was going to quit horsing around with girls that, deep down, gave me a pain in the ass. I broke it, though, the same week I made it-the same night, as a matter of fact† (Salinger). He is slowly losing his innocence, and while he hates to admit it, Holden’s constant thoughts about sexuality is a sign of adulthood. To him, one should only have sex with someone they truly love. Holden is almost proud of himself for having such a morally correct view of sex. This is why he is so riled when he discovers that Stradlater had sex with Jane Gallagher. Holden realized that Jane barely knew Stradlater and felt that he, if anyone, should be dating Jane. His increasing thoughts on sexuality and loss of a conventional or shie lded view of sex show that his loss of innocence is apparent. Holden also loses his innocence when he accepts the inevitability of growing up. When he visits the Natural History Museum, Holden notes that the exhibitsShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies, By William Golding And The Perks Of Being A Wallflower1087 Words   |  5 Pagessome of my most beloved. In my junior year, I read A Separate Peace by John Knowles for my AP U.S. History class while I read The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger over the summer. A Separate Peace explores the rivalry that can lie at the heart of many friendships and conveys the concept of individuality rather than conformity. Similarly, The Catcher in the Rye is the story of a teenage boy who despises the phoniness of society and fears becoming just another phony adult. Both novels share similarRead More The Catcher and the Rye / Huckleberry Finn Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican Webster’s dictionary defines innocence as, â€Å"Freedom from harmfulness; inoffensiveness.† Although this definition is the one which is most commonly used, many authors tend to twist or stretch the meaning in order to fit the material to which it applies. For example, the way J.D Salinger applies innocence to his work is quite different from the way Mark Twain uses innocence. Innocence also changes accordingly with the time period. The definition of innocence is dynamic with respect to author andRead MoreTheme Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye1046 Words   |  5 Pagesjust be a catcher in the rye and all. I know it’s crazy, but it’s the only thing I’d really like to be.†( Salinger 191)) In The Catcher in the Rye, a harrowed teenager named Holden Caulfield can’t accept the fact that everyone has to grow up. He believes that every adult in some way is corrupted in a sense. He also believes that children are the only genuine thing in the world due to their innocence and their purity. Salinger emplo ys adult situations in Holden’s journey to emphasize that loss of innocenceRead MoreThe Tragedy of Holden Caulfield Is That He Cannot Accept the Adult World He Is Too Old to Continue the Innocent Life of a Child1033 Words   |  5 PagesThe main concern of the novel The Catcher in the Rye is not only that the protagonist is trapped between childhood and adulthood, but also the alienation and regression caused by grief when the sufferer does not address their loss properly. Holden Caulfields nervous breakdown is largely due to the death of his younger brother. It is because of this that he fears change and maturity so much, specifically the loss of innocence. Holden cannot accept the complexities of the world; instead, he uses phoninessRead MoreTheme Of Innocence In Catcher In The Rye1185 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Catcher in the Rye, a harrowed teenager named Holden Caulfield can’t accept the fact that everyone has to grow up. He gets kicked out of his old school an d sets of on a wandering adventure throughout a bunch of cities including New York and Agerstown, Pennsylvania. As we get to know Holden, we find out that he believes that every adult in some way is corrupted in a sense. He also believes that children are the only genuine thing in the world due to their innocence and their purity. SalingerRead MoreCatcher In The Rye Title Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe title of the novel, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, plays a significant role throughout the book as it has a substantial connection to Holden’s story. This title greatly allows for the main character, Holden Caulfield, to express his feelings towards life and towards human nature. Holden can see that the world he now lives in as it is becoming filled with corrupted people and minds. He believes the children are ruined by the ribald behavior of the older generations around them and as he shows the readerRead MoreTheme Of Symbolism In Catcher In The Rye1080 Words    |  5 Pages10 Hour 2 6 December 2017 The Catcher in the Rye: Prompt 3 In the novel, Catcher in the Rye, by J.D. Salinger uses a variety of symbols to support the thematic idea that maturation and the loss of innocence are an inescapable rite of passage for all of humanity. Three significant symbols that signify the importance of alteration and losing one’s purity to become more suited to live in the real world are the ducks in the lagoon of Central Park, the â€Å"Catcher in the Rye†, and the carousel and the goldRead MoreCatcher in the Rye vs Frankenstein Novel Study Essay1304 Words   |  6 PagesIndependent Novel Study In today’s world, innocence cannot be preserved forever. As humans age, they lose their innocence due to the corruption that exists in society. This is demonstrated in the two novels, Catcher in the Rye and Frankenstein. The two authors, J.D. Salinger and Mary Shelley prove this statement through their use of various literary devices. Key characters in both novels- Holden and the creature- learn through personal experiences that innocence cannot, in fact, be preserved foreverRead MoreCatcher Rye And Perfect Day For Bananafish1562 Words   |  7 Pages The Catcher in The Rye and Perfect Day For Bananafish In â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†,by J.D Salinger, Holden Caulfield, a troubled 16 year old boy who constantly gets kicked out of every school takes it upon himself to become â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye†, in reality not being real occupation but an idea he chose to adopt for himself after he heard a little boy singing in the street. The catcher in the Rye can be described in Holden’s perspective as a person, almost like a hero that helps childrenRead MoreThe Innocence of Childhood in The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† by J.D. Salinger follows the endeavours of Holden Caulfield, a sixteen-year-old teenage boy who faces a point in his life where he must make the transition from childhood to adulthood. In an attempt to retain his own childhood, he begins hoping to stop other young children from growing up and losing their innocence as well. As indicated by the title, â€Å"The Catcher in the Rye† is a book that explores a theme involving the preservation of innocence, especially of children

Addicted The High Cost of Cigarette Smoking - 796 Words

An addiction is the state of being enslaved to a habit, practice, or something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming. There are many forms of addictions but the most common addiction is smoking. According to the American Cancer Society, on average about 45 million Americans currently smoke cigarettes. About twenty three percent are male adults and eighteen percent are female adults. Many smokers do not realize the serious effects of smoking until it is too late. It wasn’t known until the past twenty or thirty years what the harmful effects of smoking were. Many people who smoke started because of peer pressure, the desire to be labeled as â€Å"cool†, or just did not have the resources to understand the risks. Whatever the reason†¦show more content†¦When a person becomes a smoker in their early teens they are at a greater risk of dying prematurely from heart disease, lung cancer, and emphysema. Some other researched effects include accelerated o steoporosis, earlier menopause, and impaired reproductive capacity mostly seen in adults. Women who are pregnant should not smoke due to the fact that it can damage a baby’s brain development and growth. It could also result in a decreased ability to enjoy physical abilities because of the ailment or side effects like breathing problems. It also reduces life expectancy. The smoker may lose 10-15 years of his or her life as a consequence. Even though there are many physical effects, some of the reasons why smoking is so addicting are psychological. Healthy Living believes that this is the main reason people have been unsuccessful at quitting smoking. When people try to quit they go through withdrawal which will go away after a short time or can linger for a long period of time. Once a smoker can conquer the mental, the physical is easy. It has been told that second hand smoke is more dangerous than actually inhaling the tobacco. So those who are constantly around those who smoke are at the same risk of forming illnesses and disease. It has been proven that second hand smoke has 4000 chemical compounds and 200 which are poisonous. Second hand smoke can affect any race, gender, and age. The smoker could possibly be the cause of another person’sShow MoreRelatedCigarette Price Increase1221 Words   |  5 PagesCigarette price increase The article is about the minimum price of cigarettes of RM7 for a pack of 20 cigarettes is not a new measure and has been in place since January 2010. More than half of the minors (53%) said they buy their own cigarettes, while 30% got them from friends in Malaysia, 55% of the adolescent smokers smoke less than 10 sticks per day in Kelantan, 95% of shops sold cigarettes to minors without verifying their age. 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California Pizza Kitchen - case essay - 2207 Words

Executive Summary California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) was founded in 1985 by Larry Flax and Rick Rosenfield with a vision of offering customers designer pizza at reasonable prices. CPK’s target market is geared towards affluent customers making $75,000 annually, and over the span of 2 decades the business was able to grow from a single location into 213 locations across 28 states and 6 foreign countries. CPK generates revenue from 3 main sources: company restaurants, franchises, and royalties. CPK stands out from its peers because it offers a compelling menu at low prices, does virtually no marketing, and currently generates profits using zero debt. Despite CPK’s positive growth projections, the food industry at the end of 2007 is†¦show more content†¦Even though spending is on the uptick, the industry is experiencing pressure from rising commodity and labor prices with the new increases in minimum wage instituted by the Bush Administration. 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Strategic Marketing Plan Relationship Marketing

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Marketing Plan for Relationship Marketing. Answer: Introduction This report is based on the marketing plan conducted for Grandmas Little Bakery. Grandmas Little Bakery is a small company having branches in Rosemary, Alexandria and Rosemary. They have been in this business for past seven years who have expertise in bakery products such as traditional breads, sweets, cakes and pastries. If offers the facility of both take away and dine-in (Grandmas Sydney - Bakery, Cafe Restaurants, 2016). The scope of this marketing plan seeks to analyze Grandmas Little Bakerys business on the basis of product life cycle, BCG matrix and Ansoff matrix and develop main marketing objectives based on the analyses. Further, the brand positioning strategy to be adopted by the firm has been discussed and brand position mapping is conducted. Target market is selected and strategies based on objectives are being developed. Moreover, marketing metrics are being developed and factors determining the success of the strategies are stated, and methods to control the outcomes of the strategies to achieve the objectives have been explained. Product Life Cycle Analysis Grandmas Little Bakery is in the growth stage of the product life cycle due to the following reasons: It is in the quest of building brand preference and enhance its market share; It is focused on maintaining the quality of the product and introducing new features and services to attract the customers; It is maintaining a competitive pricing strategy to gain an upper hand over its competitors and retain its loyal set of customers and attract new customers. The company aims to expand its distribution channel to meet the growing demand of their product. With an expansion in its distribution channel, the company aims to promote its products amongst a broader audience. It is aiming at creating variations in its products that could have a mass appeal (Stark, 2015). In the view of the fact that the firm wants to expand and grow in the ever expanding market of food industry, it should adopt a marketing strategy that would fulfill their long term vision and mission. To maintain smooth product flow, it should strengthen its operations and supply chain by integrating its processes. BCG Matrix Analysis Figure 1: BCG Matrix Source: (Doherty Lu, 2012) The firms are divided into four different categories on the basis of above mentioned factors: Dogs: The firms which have very low market growth and low market share are categorized under this quadrant. These firms neither consume more cash nor generate more cash. Question Mark: Firms which are growing rapidly and consuming large amount of cash falls under this category. Such firms have low market share and generally do not creates much cash. Star: Firms under this quadrant generate huge amount of cash due to their high market share, but they also consume large amount of cash due to their rapid growth rate. If a star is able to maintain its position, it would be able to become a cash cow, provided that the market growth rate is weakening. Cash Cows: Firms in this quadrant are considered as the market leader. The firms generate more return on investments, thereby creating more cash than they consume. Profits generated by the cash cows are extracted and little is invested. Considering the facts from the BCG Matrix, Grandmas Little Bakery can be categorized under the question mark of the matrix due to the following reasons: The company is infusing a large amount of capital in developing its infrastructure. It requires a substantial amount of cash to meet the recurring cost of its supplies, compensation of the employees, repairs and maintenance. It is also emphasizing on building its brand preference through addressing a larger audience through various modes of communication which would further incur an additional cost and there is a contingency whether they will get a favorable return or not (Doherty Lu, 2012). Ansoff Matrix Analysis Existing Products New Products Existing Markets Market Penetration Product Development New Markets Market Development Diversification Figure 2: Ansoff Matrix Source: (Thijsen, Tong van Leer, 2014). According to this matrix, there are four possible market-product combinations that are undertaken by various business organizations as a part of their growth and expansion strategy which are market penetration, market development, product development and diversification. Taking into consideration the above approaches, it can be validated that Grandmas Little Bakery falls under the market development quadrant of the Ansoff matrix for the following reasons: It is more focused on the products that are relevant to its core competencies i.e. cakes, pastries, breads, sweets and many others. It seeks to develop new market segments for its products by exploring new territories. The firm is at risk as it is infusing a substantial amount of capital for its expansion (Thijsen, Tong van Leer, 2014). Main Marketing Objectives On the basis of Product Life Cycle analysis, BCG matrix analysis, and Ansoff matrix analysis, the following marketing objectives are developed: Increase the Market Share: Grandmas Little Bakery aims to expand its market by covering new geographical areas to increase its market share to nearly 20% percent in a year thereby giving tough competition to its closest competitors i.e. Salt Meat and Cheese, The Grounds, and Substation Cafe (Shani Chalasani, 2013). Improve Product Awareness: The firm is focusing on reviving its existing product portfolio by invigorating the interest in the products which has been in the market for a longer time or for the products which has a huge brand loyalty. Increase in Product Sales: Grandmas Little Bakery seeks to increase its sales to improve its financial structure and gain greater hold in the market. It aims to double its sales figures by the end of the financial year by adopting penetrating pricing strategy. Brand Recognition: Grandmas Little Bakery would consider strategies to rebrand its products to enhance its brand recognition through superior but consumer friendly product packaging. The firm is also considering alternatives for its logo and tagline to gain attention of customers (Armstrong et al., 2014). Strategies Based on Objectives Considering the main marketing objectives and the 7Ps marketing mix of Grandmas Little Bakery, following strategies are determined: Expansion of Product Categories (Product Strategy): To stay competitive in the long run of the business, the firm is aiming to develop new products across various categories in order to increase its product portfolio and create the brand more competitive in the market. Promotion of New Products (Promotion Strategy): The firm would promote their newly introduced products chiefly in-store to its loyal customers who seeks recommendations from the restaurant staff on what to eat or anything new in the menu. Further the firm would organize promotional events for its new products like competition for designing an advertisement campaign for promoting the new products of the firm (Wilson Gilligan, 2012). Budget Pricing (Pricing Strategy): The firm is keeping its prices very low gain attention of the customers of the competitors. A small coffee is priced as low as 3 Australian dollars. In order to gain customers and ensure its return on investment and earn revenue, the firm must calculate the production cost associated with each of its product along with fixed and variable cost. After the evaluation of the cost associated with product, the firm needs to evaluate the products offers by its competitors and their pricing strategies and improvise accordingly (Hollensen, 2015). Increase Market Coverage (Place Strategy): The firm aims to increase its outreach by opening small food joints in the interiors of the suburban areas where the customers would be able to place their orders. In case, the customers are resides far away from the food joints, the food would be delivered to their home. This would help in spreading words about the firm in unclaimed territory. Augment Workforce Quality (People Strategy): People are crucial aspect in the process of service delivery, because the service cannot be separated from the individual offering it. Grandmas Little Bakery is recognized as much for the food as for the service quality offered by the staff. Customer service training to improve its service quality and customer experience is considered to be the top priority of Grandmas Little Bakery. Improvised Service Delivery (Process Strategy): The procedure of service delivery is critical as it guarantees that the standard of service quality remains consistent throughout. Therefore, Grandmas Little bakery has chalked out a blue-print that would serve as a framework for the service delivery process of the business. State of the Art Interior (Physical Evidence Strategy): Services might be intangible, but the interiors of any restaurant or hotel act as a catalyst in attracting the customers. Grandmas Little bakery pays much attention to such fact and provides an atmosphere by creating an innovative interior design and decorations to suit every mood and occasion, waiting lobbies with luxurious sofas for customers to relax as they wait for their turn. By aligning marketing objectives with the strategies, the firm could go beyond customer satisfaction an offer customer delight. Selection of Target Market Based on customers analysis, the following set of customers is considered as the target market for Grandmas Little Bakery: Workers: The firms aims to attract daily wage earners working in various construction sites in the suburban areas of Alexandria, Canberra and Rosemary by offering them food at affordable and pocket friendly prices to increase the number of customers and market the products through word of mouth (Kotler et al., 2015). Existing Customers: The firm would seek to retain its existing set of customers by offering various new products from time to time in order to retain their loyalty towards the brand. It is important to maintain a healthy relationship with existing customers by making them feel welcome. Families: There are many families residing in the suburban parts of the Alexandria, Canberra and Rosemary. They hardly get time to be together; therefore they tend to go out together on the weekend to spend quality time together so it gives the firm an opportunity to attract them by offering attractive family offers and discounts (Alon Eugene, 2012). Brand Positioning Strategy Brand positioning is a technique through which a product is being placed in the minds of the target customers. It explains the benefits that can be perceived by the customers upon the usage of the product. Grandmas Little Bakery aims to position its brand as most cost effective in its each of its product category. It wants to keep the prices of its pastries, cakes, cookies, traditional breads and sweets at competitive level to compete with its rivals i.e. The Grounds, Salt Meat and Substation Caf by expanding its product category of above mentioned products and it also aims to introduce new delicacies into their product range (Solomon, 2014). It aims to introduce more varieties of coffee that are rarely available in the Australian market for the coffee enthusiasts and variants of tea from the best tea estates of India mainly Darjeeling Tea for the tea lovers in Australia. The space has been a constraint in the expansion of its shop; therefore it is looking for new premises to operate on a larger scale where they wish to start the facility of serving lunch and dinner to attract the loyal customers of its major competitors in the area. The salads, sandwiches, meals, cookies are some of the specialties Grandmas Little Bakery caters to and the quality of its product is at par with its competitors (Singh, Kalafatis Ledden, 2014). Needless to say, to survive the competition Grandmas Little Bakery have to make a big turnaround in its business. The firm should adopt penetrating pricing strategy to take over its rivals because customers these days are more price conscious than quality conscious. Grandmas Little Bakery has been known for its superior quality so it should focus on its product pricing so that it could maintain equilibrium in the business. Brand Position Mapping (Perceptual Mapping) The brand positioning mapping can be done on the factors such as high perceived quality/low perceived quality, inorganic products/organic products. The following attributes should be taken into consideration keeping in mind the fact that the firm is in the growth stage product life cycle and it is entering a new market so it should keep the prices of its products comparatively low to gain competitive advantage in the market. Moreover, it should highlight its unique selling perspective like it sells organic products as it uses fresh and organic ingredients in making its products (Chen Wang, 2015). Development of Marketing Metrics Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC): This would comprise the total marketing and sales cost including advertisement expenditures, salaries, commissions, bonuses, overhead costs in a specific time frame divided by the total customers acquired during that time. The time could be a month, quarter, or maybe a year. Assuming that the firm has spent $500,000 on marketing and sales and gained 50 customers, and then CAC is $10,000 (Smith Madden, 2015). Marketing Percentage of CAC: The marketing percentage of CAC is noteworthy to observe over time, and any changes indicates that somewhat has changed in either the efficiency or the strategies. As the firm have more in-house sales team and have less complicated sales process, their marketing percentage of CAC can be somewhere near 20-50% . Marketing Generated Customer Percentage: This percentage shows what percentage of the business is driven by marketing. The firm needs to consider all the customers signed up in the specific period and look at the percentage of customers generated through marketing. Since the firm has its in-house sales team backed by strong outside sales team, their percentage may be between 20-40%. If the firm seeks to increase its percentage to 80%, it will have to generate more leads from outside marketing. Return on Investment (ROI): It shows the loss or gain of an investment by evaluating and gauging the amount of return from an investment with the cost of investment. Assuming the firm makes an investment of $5,000 in online marketing and generates $10,000 in net profit, and then the ROI would be 100% (Smith Madden, 2015). ROI= (Net Profit/Cost of Investment) x 100. Determining the Success of Strategies The success of the strategies can be measured on the following scales: Tracking Growth in Product Sales: A radical growth in the sales figure of the business would be one of the important scales to measure the success of the business. This would also reflect the increase in its customer base and revenue. Customer Research: The firm can conduct an in-house research on visiting customers to determine the level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the customers and take suggestions and feedback for improving their products and service quality (Czinkota Ronkainen, 2013). Increase in Market Share: Increase in the market share would also highlight the success of the strategies undertaken by the firm. Increase in market share specifically depicts the shift of customers from competitors product to the product of Grandmas Little Bakery. Controlling the Outcomes Alignment of Marketing Strategies with Business Objectives: Aligning the marketing strategies with the primary objectives of the business would help the firm in controlling the outcomes and prohibit them from facing a financial loss (Lee Carter, 2012). Accelerate Performance: Monitoring the performance of the employees and giving feedback on their performance would be beneficial in attaining the business objectives. Regular review of employees performance and feedback would accelerate their performance. Strategic Planning: Establishing a strategic plan to set task priorities, dedicate time, energy and resources and strengthen its operations towards accomplishment of organizational goal would prevent them from failure (West, Ford Ibrahim, 2015). Conclusion This report is based on Grandmas Little Bakery located in various places in Australia. It includes various kind of analysis based on product life cycle, BCG matrix, and Ansoff matrix. Further, marketing objectives are developed on the basis of the above mentioned analysis and brand positioning strategies are developed and brand position mapping is conducted for Grandmas Little Bakery. Moreover, target market is selected; strategies based on objectives are explained; marketing metrics are developed; determinants to measure the success of the strategies are explained and lastly methods to control the outcomes to ensure the firm achieves the objectives are explained. References Alon, I., Eugene, J. (2012).Global marketing. Mcgraw Hill Higher Education. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P. (2014).Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Chen, R., Wang, M. H. (2015). Brand Positioning Map: A Strategy Tool for Trademark Design.Journal of Management and Strategy,6(1), p36. Czinkota, M. R., Ronkainen, I. A. (2013).International marketing. Cengage Learning. Doherty, N., Lu, F. V. (2012). Strategic Marketing: Models and Plans.Service Science Research, Strategy and Innovation: Dynamic Knowledge Management Methods: Dynamic Knowledge Management Methods, 417. Grandmas Sydney - Bakery, Cafe Restaurants. (2016).Grandmas.com.au. Retrieved 21 September 2016, from https://www.grandmas.com.au Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L., Armstrong, G. (2015).Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Lee, K., Carter, S. (2012).Global marketing management. Oxford University Press. Proctor, T. (2014).Strategic marketing: an introduction. Routledge. Shani, D., Chalasani, S. (2013). Exploiting niches using relationship marketing.Journal of Services Marketing. Singh, J., P. Kalafatis, S., Ledden, L. (2014). Consumer perceptions of cobrands: The role of brand positioning strategies.Marketing Intelligence Planning,32(2), 145-159. Smith, S. D., Madden, T. (2015). Marketing Metrics: A Push for Teaching the Value of Marketing as an Asset. InMarketing, Technology and Customer Commitment in the New Economy(pp. 8-13). Springer International Publishing. Solomon, M. R. (2014).Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: prentice Hall. Stark, J. (2015). Product lifecycle management. InProduct Lifecycle Management(pp. 1-29). Springer International Publishing. Thijsen, T., Tong, T., van Leer, J. (2014). Ansoff Model.Marketing. West, D., Ford, J., Ibrahim, E. (2015).Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press. Wilson, R. M., Gilligan, C. (2012).Strategic marketing management. Routledge.